| Electric vehicle battery packs | High-voltage traction packs using lithium-ion cell chemistries such as LFP or NMC | Passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, buses, and selected off-highway vehicles | Battery management systems, thermal management, pack integration, and vehicle-interface engineering | Vehicle-specific validation, safety documentation, production quality controls, and the exact cell chemistry and pack configuration |
| Energy storage battery systems | Rack-, cabinet-, or container-based battery systems, commonly configured with LFP cells | Commercial and industrial storage, renewable-energy integration, and backup power | Battery monitoring, thermal and fire-safety design, system integration, and communication with power-conversion equipment | System-level test reports, operating-temperature limits, installation requirements, warranty conditions, and certifications applicable to the exact model and market |
| Light electric vehicle packs | Compact packs for two- and three-wheel vehicles, e-bikes, and low-speed mobility products | Urban mobility, delivery fleets, and personal transportation | Space-efficient packaging, vibration resistance, battery protection, and support for removable or integrated designs | Compatibility with the vehicle controller and charger, ingress protection, transport testing, and battery replacement arrangements |
| Industrial and motive-power packs | Rechargeable packs for material-handling equipment and other electrically powered machinery | Forklifts, automated guided vehicles, warehouse equipment, and industrial machines | Cycle-life-focused design, robust enclosures, battery monitoring, and integration with equipment charging systems | Duty-cycle suitability, charging-system compatibility, service access, and safety requirements for the intended work environment |
| Portable and application-specific packs | Custom-format packs with tailored voltage, capacity, connectors, and enclosure designs | Medical equipment, instrumentation, communications devices, and portable electronics | Small-batch customization, electrical and mechanical integration, and production testing for the specified design | Prototype-to-production controls, cell traceability, connector and enclosure specifications, and documentation for the destination market |
| Marine and specialized mobility packs | Application-designed packs with enclosures and monitoring suited to demanding environments | Electric boats, recreational vehicles, and selected specialty vehicles | Environmental protection, vibration-aware packaging, thermal design, and integration with onboard electrical systems | Applicable marine or vehicle requirements, installation guidance, environmental limits, and evidence that the complete pack—not only its cells—has been evaluated |