| GMAW / MIG / MAG | Carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and selected alloys | Frames, brackets, cabinets, machine bases, structural assemblies | Approximately 1–25 mm, depending on joint configuration | High deposition rate, continuous wire feed, suitable for production work and automation | Industrial equipment, transportation components, steel structures and general fabrication | Weld-parameter monitoring, shielding-gas control, visual inspection and dimensional inspection |
| GTAW / TIG | Stainless steel, aluminum, nickel alloys, titanium and carbon steel | Thin-wall tubing, sanitary parts, precision assemblies, visible-finish components | Approximately 0.5–8 mm for many precision applications | Excellent control, clean welds, low spatter and high-quality appearance | Food-processing equipment, medical equipment, pressure components and decorative metalwork | Shielding-gas purity, tungsten condition, heat input, weld profile and penetration inspection |
| SMAW / Stick Welding | Carbon steel, low-alloy steel, stainless steel and cast iron with suitable electrodes | Heavy steel assemblies, repair parts, field-installed structures and maintenance components | Approximately 3–50 mm or more with multiple passes | Portable equipment, flexible outdoor use and good tolerance of less-accessible locations | Construction, infrastructure repair, agricultural machinery and heavy fabrication | Electrode storage, preheating where required, interpass temperature and visual inspection |
| FCAW | Carbon steel, low-alloy steel and stainless steel | Heavy frames, beams, pressure-support structures and large fabricated assemblies | Approximately 3–40 mm or more with suitable procedures | High deposition rate, strong penetration and good productivity on thicker materials | Shipbuilding, construction machinery, bridges and large steel structures | Wire classification, flux or shielding-gas control, slag removal and non-destructive testing when specified |
| SAW / Submerged Arc Welding | Carbon steel, low-alloy steel and selected stainless steels | Long seams, pressure vessels, beams, large-diameter pipes and heavy plates | Approximately 6–100 mm, often using multiple passes | Very high deposition rate, deep penetration and consistent long welds | Pressure equipment, structural beams, storage tanks and heavy industrial components | Flux handling, welding-current records, weld sequence, dimensional control and ultrasonic testing |
| Resistance Spot Welding | Low-carbon steel, galvanized steel, stainless steel and selected aluminum alloys | Sheet-metal enclosures, panels, brackets, cabinets and vehicle-related assemblies | Usually thin sheets of approximately 0.5–3 mm per sheet | Fast cycle times, repeatability, low filler-metal use and easy automation | Electrical cabinets, appliances, metal furniture and high-volume sheet-metal products | Electrode condition, current, weld time, force, nugget size and destructive sample testing |
| Laser Beam Welding | Carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium and nickel alloys with suitable parameters | Precision housings, battery components, thin assemblies, medical and electronic parts | Commonly thin to medium sections, approximately 0.2–12 mm | Low heat input, narrow heat-affected zone, high speed and limited distortion | Precision manufacturing, energy equipment, electronics and lightweight structures | Joint fit-up, laser power, focal position, shielding gas, penetration and leak testing where required |
| Aluminum Alloy Welding | Common wrought aluminum alloys such as 5xxx and 6xxx series, subject to procedure qualification | Equipment frames, heat exchangers, transport parts, housings and lightweight structures | Approximately 1–20 mm, depending on alloy and welding method | Light weight, corrosion resistance and suitability for engineered assemblies | Transportation, renewable-energy equipment, industrial frames and marine components | Oxide removal, pre-cleaning, distortion control, filler compatibility and radiographic or dye-penetrant testing when required |