| 1 | Applicable Product Standard | Medium- and high-voltage metal-oxide arresters should be designed and tested to IEC 60099-4 and the applicable GB/T 11032 requirements. Low-voltage surge protective devices should be assessed under IEC 61643-11 and GB/T 18802.11. | Current type-test certificate, standard edition, laboratory accreditation, and a clause-by-clause compliance matrix. | Confirms that the arrester has been evaluated against recognized electrical, mechanical, and environmental requirements. |
| 2 | System Voltage and Continuous Operating Voltage | Select the rated voltage and continuous operating voltage according to the system’s highest operating voltage, grounding method, temporary overvoltage, and fault-clearing time. Typical distribution-system Uc values must be calculated rather than chosen only from the nominal line voltage. | Voltage-system study, grounding data, temporary-overvoltage calculation, and the manufacturer’s Uc/Ur selection table. | An underspecified Uc can cause thermal instability, while an unnecessarily high Uc can reduce protective performance. |
| 3 | Nominal Discharge Current | Common metal-oxide distribution arresters use an 8/20 μs nominal discharge-current rating of 5 kA or 10 kA. Higher-risk substations and exposed transmission applications may require higher ratings based on the insulation-coordination study. | 8/20 μs current test results, product data sheet, energy-duty documentation, and application-specific selection calculation. | Indicates the reference discharge capability used for residual-voltage and aging-performance comparisons. |
| 4 | Lightning Impulse Protection Level | The arrester’s residual voltage at the specified discharge current should remain below the protected equipment’s lightning impulse withstand level, with an engineering coordination margin commonly applied. | Residual-voltage curves at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times nominal discharge current, plus the protected equipment’s BIL or LIWV value. | Directly affects insulation coordination for transformers, switchgear, cables, motors, and other connected equipment. |
| 5 | Energy and Thermal Stability | Verify the arrester’s long-duration current capability, switching-surge duty, and thermal recovery after temporary overvoltage. The required energy rating depends on network configuration, line length, cable characteristics, and switching conditions. | Operating-duty test report, thermal-stability test data, long-duration-current test results, and temporary-overvoltage withstand curve. | Reduces the risk of thermal runaway and premature failure during repeated or high-energy surge events. |
| 6 | Housing and Environmental Protection | Outdoor units should use weather-resistant polymeric or porcelain housings suitable for the site’s pollution, ultraviolet radiation, humidity, altitude, wind, and temperature conditions. For low-voltage SPDs, the enclosure should match the required installation environment. | Insulation-distance data, pollution-class suitability, UV-aging results, ingress-protection rating where applicable, and environmental test reports. | Supports stable insulation performance and mechanical reliability in coastal, industrial, desert, cold, or high-humidity locations. |
| 7 | Disconnector and Failure Indication | Distribution arresters should provide a reliable disconnector or failure-indication arrangement where required by the protection design. Low-voltage SPDs should include a clear status indicator and replaceable-module option when specified. | Disconnector operating test, fault-current coordination data, visual-status documentation, and installation photographs or drawings. | Helps isolate failed units safely and makes inspection and maintenance faster. |
| 8 | Manufacturing Quality and Traceability | Prefer a documented quality-management system, controlled zinc-oxide varistor production, routine testing for every unit, serial-number traceability, and stable process records for sealing, aging, and assembly. | Quality-management certificate, routine-test format, sample serial-number records, incoming-material controls, and factory-inspection procedure. | Reduces variation between production batches and improves investigation of field failures. |
| 9 | Independent Testing and Compliance Evidence | Type tests should be completed by a competent laboratory with a report matching the exact product family, electrical ratings, housing design, and configuration offered for the project. | Full test report, laboratory accreditation scope, report authenticity, product configuration comparison, and validity of certificates. | Prevents reliance on certificates that apply only to a different rating, enclosure, or product design. |
| 10 | Delivery, Warranty, and Technical Support | Evaluate documented lead time, spare-part availability, installation instructions, commissioning support, warranty terms, failure-analysis capability, and response time for project claims. | Contractual delivery schedule, warranty statement, service-level agreement, spare-parts list, installation manual, and references from comparable projects. | Total project risk depends not only on electrical performance but also on availability, support, and lifecycle service. |